Amirhossein Rasoulnia; Ali Najafi Ayouki; Samane Naghavi
Abstract
Structuralism is amongst the most current and ancient narrative schools. The school was founded based on linguistics to understand the structure for explicating main story structures. According to Greimas, every story consists several actants and every actant has some action models. The novel Return ...
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Structuralism is amongst the most current and ancient narrative schools. The school was founded based on linguistics to understand the structure for explicating main story structures. According to Greimas, every story consists several actants and every actant has some action models. The novel Return to Haifa written by Ghassan Kanafani was published in 1969. It emphasizes the necessity of facing Palestinians with Israel for achieving their rights regarding their relationship that exists between Palestinians (both Palestinians of 1948 and those living in Arab countries). Ghassan Kanafani writes about Palestine in a realistic framework and comes close to it from different perspectives. He presents facts artistically, the example of which is description of the relationships between land and Palestinians. The novel narratives events between 1948 and 1967. Coherent and narrative aspects of the novel has helped to reread the perspectives of literary criticism theory. So, the actions of the novel were explored using Greimas’s model. The study showed the ability of the approach in exploring Return to Haifa. It also showed that actants are the most parts of the novel and it also concludes that actants of the novel are the most significant elements of the story that include abstract concepts, events, episodes, and personal and physical features of characters.
Ali Najafi Ivaki; Sayyed Reza Mirahmadi
Abstract
The ode “Buka'iyya Ila Shams Haziran” is considered as one of the critical and extreme poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati, the significant contemporary Arab literary figure (1999-1926). Applying a simple language which is also vague in some aspects, the poem is allocated to presenting social and political ...
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The ode “Buka'iyya Ila Shams Haziran” is considered as one of the critical and extreme poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati, the significant contemporary Arab literary figure (1999-1926). Applying a simple language which is also vague in some aspects, the poem is allocated to presenting social and political conditions of Arab countries and analyzing the reasons associated with 1967 June defeat. As Bayati deems himself responsible for social problems and in this respect, caring about the society is the most basic tribulation of his poetry. The present research focuses on evaluating the stylistic literary view of the poem and tries to provide a literary criticism of this work by analyzing its linguistic, literary and mental concepts. The significant stylistic manifestations of the present work are: breaking the rules of traditional poetry, paying attention to past time, symbolism and documentary vision. In addition, to present his actual thoughts, the poet uses the appropriate linguistic devices in such a professional way that the balance of mental and linguistic aspects can be seen obviously and perfectly. Also, the mental aspect of the present literary work indicated that although Bayati didn’t directly represent his desires and ambitions, the fact that he invited all Arabs to cooperation and political revolution is implied proficiently.
